What does "COG" stand for in nautical terms?

In nautical terms, "COG" stands for Course Over Ground. This term refers to the actual path or direction that a vessel is moving over the Earth's surface at a given point in time. It is an important navigational term because it takes into account the effects of wind, current, and other external forces that can affect the vessel’s true bearing. Knowing the COG helps mariners determine their actual position and adjust their navigation strategies accordingly to reach their intended destination safely.

Understanding Course Over Ground is crucial for effective navigation, especially in areas with strong currents or tidal influences, where the vessel's heading may differ significantly from its COG. This distinction allows mariners to make informed decisions about routes, speed adjustments, and any necessary course corrections, ensuring more efficient and safe passage across bodies of water.